Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Kathe Kollwitz

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"The Silesian Weavers", by Heinrich Heine

No tears in their eyes, darkened by gloom,
They snarl, sitting by the loom:
Germany, we weave your shroud, bit by bit,
And it is the triple curse that we weave in it -
We are weaving, we are weaving!

A curse to the God, whom we used to pray
In the cold of winter, every hungry day;
We hoped in vain, we waited in vain,
He has mocked us, fooled us in our pain -
We are weaving, we are weaving!

A curse to the king, the king of the wealthy,
Who could not be moved by our misery,
Who squeezed from us our last penny,
And like dogs, let us be shot and die in agony -
We are weaving, we are weaving!

A curse to our fake country,
Where every flower gets snapped too early,
Where only shame and infamy can thrive,
Where rottenness and decay keep the worms alive -
We are weaving, we are weaving!

The shuttle flies, the loom crackles loud
Old Germany, we are weaving your shroud,
We weave day and night, we do not quit -
And it is the triple curse that we weave in it,
We are weaving, we are weaving!

The memories of the Peasants' War of 1524-1525 were likely a causitive factor. This is when the Stühlingen peasants rebelled against their Feudal Lords. The rebellion was sparked when the countess, in the middle of the harvest, ordered the Peasants to stop work, and instead to gather snails' shells on which she wanted to wind yarn. 1 Interrupting the harvest at this critical time would likely result in loss of crops, and the ensuing starvation of the peasants. The peasants were not soldiers, thus were armed with pitchforks, etc. The peasants were opposed by a coalition of aristocrats and their armies, using defensive castles, armed cavalry, and artillery. The peasants appealed to Martin Luther, and Luther's response was to condemn the peasants for not supporting the god-given social order. "Luther himself did boast on later occasions that more peasants had been slain with his writings than with the weapons of the princes." 2 Luther was merely stating the Christian view:

"... Luther's response to the third of the Twelve Articles [Peasants' Demands]. That article demanded the abolition of serfdom on the basis of an appeal to the freedom for which Christ set us free. Luther said in reply: "That is making Christian freedom a completely physical matter. Did not Abraham [Gen. 17:23] and other patriarchs...have slaves? Read what St. Paul teaches about servants, who, at that time, were all slaves. This article therefore, absolutely contradicts the gospel. It proposes robbery, for it suggest that every man should take his body away from his lord, even though his body is the lord's property. A slave cn be a Christian, and have Christian freedom.... This article would make all men equal, and turn the spiritual kingdom of Christ into a worldly, eternal kingdom; and that canot exist without an inequality of persons, some being free, some imprisoned, some lords, some subjects." 3

Luther was a theologian, a scholar. Isn't it a pity that Luther forgot that the patriarchs were also Jews, and that by Jewish law, slaves must be freed after the "sabatical" seven years.

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Further information is easily available. 4


1 "Luther and the Peasants' War", by Kirchner, Hubert, p. 3
2 ibid., p. 25
3 ibid., p. 25
4 "The Peasant war in Germany", by Engels, Frederick
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